The petition arises from the suicide of Nithin Raj, a dental student from Kerala. The prosecution alleges that Dr Kondanda Ram, the Head of the Department, subjected the deceased to repeated humiliation in the classroom, knowing that the student belonged to a Scheduled Caste community. It is further alleged that the professor used derogatory remarks in the presence of classmates, which contributed to the mental distress of the student. Apart from the alleged conduct of the professor, the prosecution also points to harassment by loan recovery agents over a Rs 15,000 loan taken by the student, for which another professor had stood as guarantor. Those loan agents have been made a guarantor. Those loan agents have already been arrested and remanded.

Proceedings Before the Supreme Court

Dr Kondanda Ram filed a special leave petition challenging the order of the Kerala High Court that refused to grant anticipatory bail. Senior Advocate D S Naidu, appearing for the petitioner, argued that the alleged humiliation occurred about a month before the suicide and therefore lacked temporal proximity to the act of self‑harm. He contended that the immediate trigger for the tragedy was the harassment by loan recovery agents, whose operators had already been taken into custody. Counsel further submitted that labelling the professor as a harsh teacher should not be sufficient to deny anticipatory bail, warning that such a stance could have a chilling effect on academic discipline.

The Bench, comprising Justice Vikram Nath and Justice Sandeep Mehta, examined the submissions. Justice Mehta observed that the impugned conduct could not be viewed in isolation. He used the colloquial expression ‘ghada bhar jata hai’ to indicate that the cumulative effect of the alleged humiliation had reached a tipping point. The Bench noted that the student was insulted in front of his peers, and the impact of such public humiliation on a young person could not be discounted merely because the incident preceded the suicide by a few weeks.

Legal Reasoning and Observations

Justice Mehta emphasised that a message must go that teachers cannot behave with students in a manner that humiliates them. The Bench rejected the argument that granting anticipatory bail would discourage educators from maintaining discipline, stating instead that accountability in educational institutions is essential for the welfare of students. It observed that allowing the professor to walk away without facing criminal proceedings would send an incorrect signal that such behaviour could be tolerated.

On the statutory front, the Bench noted that the allegations attracted Section 108 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (abetment of suicide) and Sections 3(1)(r) and 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. The High Court had already found a prima facie case under the SC/ST Act, invoking the statutory bar against anticipatory bail. The Supreme Court found no material to rebut the presumption that the accused had knowledge of the student’s caste identity. The Bench also highlighted that the professor had repeatedly singled out the deceased for derogatory remarks in the presence of classmates, which satisfied the ingredients of the offence under the atrocities legislation.

Operative Outcome

After considering the submissions and the observations of the High Court, the Supreme Court dismissed the special leave petition. Consequently, the order of the Kerala High Court refusing anticipatory bail to Dr Kondanda Ram remains undisturbed. The accused will now have to seek regular bail before the trial court, if he wishes to secure release pending trial.

The decision underscores the judiciary’s stance that educators must exercise restraint and respect in their interactions with students, particularly when such interactions involve caste‑based slurs or public humiliation. The Court’s remarks signal that repeated acts of humiliation, even if not immediately proximate to a tragic outcome, can be considered cumulatively when assessing liability for abetment of suicide under the relevant penal provisions.